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Light, air and nutrients promote algae growth.
Algae growth can be reduced or even prevented by reducing nutrient supplies by means of flocculation optimization or sedimentation, as long as these nutrients are not released from joint materials and other wall surfaces.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Algae growth can be reduced or even prevented by reducing nutrient supplies by means of flocculation optimization or sedimentation, as long as these nutrients are not released from joint materials and other wall surfaces.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- HydroHygen®
Amoebas are hosts in whom for example legionella – can reproduce while being protected against many disinfection procedures including UV rays. The simplest method to remove amoebas from the water is effective filtration through flocculation and flocculation agents (silicic acid – aluminate). An essential prerequisite for sustainable remediation is freeing the afflicted pipes and equalizing tanks of organic film.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- DesoPur®
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
Biofilm results from the metabolism of bacteria and greatly reduce the facility’s affectivity in cooling towers and heat exchangers.
Biofilms continually release microorganisms that can cause infections. The polysaccharides (out of which most biofilms consist) are difficult to oxidize by means of chlorination, which is why even high chlorine amounts only lead to short-term improvements but not to sustainable remediation. TCDO and chlorine dioxide are more effective for biofilm oxidation because they have a higher oxidations potential (redox potential) and are less pH-dependent.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Biofilms continually release microorganisms that can cause infections. The polysaccharides (out of which most biofilms consist) are difficult to oxidize by means of chlorination, which is why even high chlorine amounts only lead to short-term improvements but not to sustainable remediation. TCDO and chlorine dioxide are more effective for biofilm oxidation because they have a higher oxidations potential (redox potential) and are less pH-dependent.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- LegioCid®Package
- LegioCid®Clean Process
Candida albicans is a yeast fungus that is brought into the water by swim guests and is detectable on mucous membranes in the mouth, throat, genital area and digestive tract – but also on finger/toenails. It is, under certain conditions (especially in those with lowered immunity), a pathogenic agent.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Coliforme bacterium is a sign of fecal or not fecal pollution of the water.
In cases where the limit value is exceeded (indicator bacteria), suitable decisions must be made in order to avoid health threats.
The WAPOTEC solution:
In cases where the limit value is exceeded (indicator bacteria), suitable decisions must be made in order to avoid health threats.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- DesoPur®F
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
These parasites are relatively chlorine-resistant and cannot be destroyed with normal chlorine contents (CT 9600-CT>50000).
According to a study by the Water Research Center (UK), the most effective prevention measure in normal operation is optimal flocculation filtration. Chlorine dioxide is, in cases with established cryptosporidia contamination, a suitable means of inactivation. For the last fifteen years, WAPOTEC has been successfully active using innovative procedures for the removal of cryptosporidia.
The WAPOTEC solution:
According to a study by the Water Research Center (UK), the most effective prevention measure in normal operation is optimal flocculation filtration. Chlorine dioxide is, in cases with established cryptosporidia contamination, a suitable means of inactivation. For the last fifteen years, WAPOTEC has been successfully active using innovative procedures for the removal of cryptosporidia.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- DesoPur®Process
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Escherichia coli (E.Coli) is an intestinal bacterium that can easily be confirmed and suggests fecal pollution of the water from human or animal excretions.
The contamination can usually be removed within a short time with flocculation optimization and appropriate chlorination. An endangerment of swimmers is still possible, which is why suitable counter-actions must quickly be put into place.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The contamination can usually be removed within a short time with flocculation optimization and appropriate chlorination. An endangerment of swimmers is still possible, which is why suitable counter-actions must quickly be put into place.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- DesoPur®F
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Bacterial filter contamination (for example pseudomonas, legionella) indicates biofilm in filter material, which is usually promoted by incorrect filter operation/installation. Filter decontamination, filter cleansing and filter material regeneration are possible remedies.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- multiSorp®Filter materials
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Hyflow Introduction device
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
The total microbial count in swim and basin water (bacterial count at 20°C, bacterial count at 36°C, colony count) is restricted to 100 per ml in Austria and Germany and is considered a general indicator of microbiological water quality.
When bacterial counts are elevated, it is important to investigate the cause. Through preventative cleaning and maintenance as well as process optimization, it is possible to reduce/prevent bacteria to the point that they are no longer detectable. The total bacteria count is also used as a parameter for surface hygiene estimation.
The WAPOTEC solution:
When bacterial counts are elevated, it is important to investigate the cause. Through preventative cleaning and maintenance as well as process optimization, it is possible to reduce/prevent bacteria to the point that they are no longer detectable. The total bacteria count is also used as a parameter for surface hygiene estimation.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- DesoPur®F
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Legionella are bacteria that appear all over the world, especially in waters with temperatures between 25-45°C and correct nutrient content because that’s where they have the best conditions to multiply.
Therefore it is not surprising that they are often found in whirlpools, adventure pools, showers and in industrial heat exchangers/air washers. Infections require the formation of aerosols because they are respirable and are absorbed during breathing.
Although legionella sometimes also appear as single organisms (planktonic), they usually exist in colonies (as aggregates) that are released out of biofilm. In order to reduce the risks, preventative cleaning of the vulnerable facilities is important.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Therefore it is not surprising that they are often found in whirlpools, adventure pools, showers and in industrial heat exchangers/air washers. Infections require the formation of aerosols because they are respirable and are absorbed during breathing.
Although legionella sometimes also appear as single organisms (planktonic), they usually exist in colonies (as aggregates) that are released out of biofilm. In order to reduce the risks, preventative cleaning of the vulnerable facilities is important.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- LegioCid®Clean Process
- LegioCid®Package
- WAPOTEC®System
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Microorganisms (for example fungus, viruses, bacteria and parasites) can be found in different forms in water and the environment and although they are sometimes essential, they can also act as pathogens (disease-causers).
Deactivation generally results from water chlorination. However, chlorination can be insufficient against resistant microorganisms like cryptosporidium parvum. The total germ count, pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, coliforms and legionella pneumophila are indicator organisms used to estimate the hygienic situation.
The solution (elimination or deactivation) must be based on the consideration of individual cases. Viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms have either a positive or negative charge and become removable with optimized flocculation. Deactivation is possible with chlorine within the stipulated destruction time - depending on the organism.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Deactivation generally results from water chlorination. However, chlorination can be insufficient against resistant microorganisms like cryptosporidium parvum. The total germ count, pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, coliforms and legionella pneumophila are indicator organisms used to estimate the hygienic situation.
The solution (elimination or deactivation) must be based on the consideration of individual cases. Viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms have either a positive or negative charge and become removable with optimized flocculation. Deactivation is possible with chlorine within the stipulated destruction time - depending on the organism.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that develops a protective colloid (slime) out of metabolized substances against disinfectants.
These protective colloids sometimes cannot be sufficiently oxidized due to the free chlorine. With growth optimum at 37°C, swimming pools have the perfect conditions for reproduction. Insufficiently or incorrectly rinsed filters, tile grouts and pipelines often make the perfect reproduction conditions for pseudomonades.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause swim water related infections (for example skin infections, outside ear infections and UTI’s). This mucus bacteria is also a dominant organism for staphylococci and atypical micro bacteria and, in Europe, is not allowed to be detectable in 100ml. Regular filter and system cleaning as well as running effective flocculation are important preventive measures to minimize risks.
The WAPOTEC solution:
These protective colloids sometimes cannot be sufficiently oxidized due to the free chlorine. With growth optimum at 37°C, swimming pools have the perfect conditions for reproduction. Insufficiently or incorrectly rinsed filters, tile grouts and pipelines often make the perfect reproduction conditions for pseudomonades.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause swim water related infections (for example skin infections, outside ear infections and UTI’s). This mucus bacteria is also a dominant organism for staphylococci and atypical micro bacteria and, in Europe, is not allowed to be detectable in 100ml. Regular filter and system cleaning as well as running effective flocculation are important preventive measures to minimize risks.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- DesoPur®F
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Staphylococcus aureus occurs frequently in nature and is present in many people but normally does not break out other than in cases where the immune system has been weakened.
Swim guests bring in staphylococcus aureus just like Candida albicans. With a size between 0.8 and 1.2µm, it can easily enter any sand (without flocculation) and deposit filter. Since the bacterium is gram positive, it can (like most microorganisms) be removed from the treatment cycle with optimized flocculation methods (silicic acid – aluminate).
The WAPOTEC solution:
Swim guests bring in staphylococcus aureus just like Candida albicans. With a size between 0.8 and 1.2µm, it can easily enter any sand (without flocculation) and deposit filter. Since the bacterium is gram positive, it can (like most microorganisms) be removed from the treatment cycle with optimized flocculation methods (silicic acid – aluminate).
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- DesoPur®F
- DesoPur®Clean Process
- DesoPur®Fluid Process
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems