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AOX circumscribes a group of halogen compounds. Wastewater treatment limit values are easily achieved with the WAPOTEC solutions. The following substances are included through the AOX sum parameters:
Bromdichlormethane, Dibromacetonitrile, Dibromchlormethane, trichloroacetic acid, Tribrommethane, dichloroacetic acid, bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, Dichloroacetonitrile, dibromochloroacetic acid, choral hydrate, monochloroacetic acid, 1,1-dichloroacetone, monobromoacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, Trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin), Bromochloroacetonitrile, trichloromethane, 1,1,1- Trichloroacetone, chlorite, trichloroacetonitrile, chlorate.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Bromdichlormethane, Dibromacetonitrile, Dibromchlormethane, trichloroacetic acid, Tribrommethane, dichloroacetic acid, bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, Dichloroacetonitrile, dibromochloroacetic acid, choral hydrate, monochloroacetic acid, 1,1-dichloroacetone, monobromoacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, Trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin), Bromochloroacetonitrile, trichloromethane, 1,1,1- Trichloroacetone, chlorite, trichloroacetonitrile, chlorate.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- multiSorp®Filter Materials
Aerosols are carriers of chemical loads (trichloramine, THM among others) and microbiological loads (e.g. legionella). Risks can be minimized through process optimization and system cleansing.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
With activated charcoal powder aggradations on filter systems it can sometimes come to undesirable penetration or diffusion into the filter bed. The active charcoal powder concentration of pool water is restricted by the DIN19643 standard. These substances can be greatly reduced through flocculation optimization.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WAPOTEC®System
- multiSorp®Filter materials
A high aluminum concentration in water signals insufficient flocculation.
This can indicate unfavorable operation conditions in addition to the inserted flocculation products.
The WAPOTEC solution:
This can indicate unfavorable operation conditions in addition to the inserted flocculation products.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Ammonium and other nitrogen-containing impurities form chloramine/compound chlorine in water.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
Today, much of our filling water is strained with substances that negatively affect pool water.
Due to this, many areas in Europe and overseas are forced to use chloramine to disinfect the water. In this case, additional chloramine is introduced to the water, which further worsens the water quality. This makes fill-water treatment unavoidable in some cases.
The WAPOTEC Solution:
Due to this, many areas in Europe and overseas are forced to use chloramine to disinfect the water. In this case, additional chloramine is introduced to the water, which further worsens the water quality. This makes fill-water treatment unavoidable in some cases.
The WAPOTEC Solution:
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Bromate, which is toxic, results from bromate-containing water that is treated with ozone. In waters such as these, it is important to choose the oxidizing agent carefully. The new DIN stipulates a limit value of 2 mg/l.
The WAPOTEC Solution:
The WAPOTEC Solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Chloramine describes a group of chemicals that results from a chlorine reaction with nitrogenous contamination (e.g. ammonium) in bath water. Chloramine contains monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine and is in those substances who’s toxicological properties are needed to establish the limit value of compound chlorine in water.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- multiSorp®Filter materials
- HydroSan®
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
Chlorine dioxide is a successful oxidant that has been used in water treatment for decades.
Large and undesirable amounts of chlorite can result when using chlorine dioxide facilities (generators). By using the modified chlorine/chlorine dioxide treatment, which has been sold by WAPOTEC® for 20 years, it is possible to avoid these problems. Chlorine dioxide can also be used to disinfect surfaces, clean filters and systems by use of the TCDO-complex.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Large and undesirable amounts of chlorite can result when using chlorine dioxide facilities (generators). By using the modified chlorine/chlorine dioxide treatment, which has been sold by WAPOTEC® for 20 years, it is possible to avoid these problems. Chlorine dioxide can also be used to disinfect surfaces, clean filters and systems by use of the TCDO-complex.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroXan® DesoPur®
- DesoPur®F LegioCid®A
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
Chloride results as the end product of chlorine compound reactions.
A high level of chloride indicates “aging” of water – except in natural waters. This is attributed to insufficient dilution or high chlorine consumption. Chlorides are often introduced through water treatment products, especially hypochlorite compounds, sometimes in considerable amounts. Chloric gas can help keep this substance low.
The WAPOTEC solution:
A high level of chloride indicates “aging” of water – except in natural waters. This is attributed to insufficient dilution or high chlorine consumption. Chlorides are often introduced through water treatment products, especially hypochlorite compounds, sometimes in considerable amounts. Chloric gas can help keep this substance low.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
In Germany, the introduction of a chlorite/chlorate limit value (according to DIN19643) is being discussed intensively.
Own research has shown that the chlorine substitution production content often exceeds the maximum value of 10mg/l. In order to minimize these substances, chloric gas from the WAPOTEC®Electrolysis systems can be used beside fresh water dilution (which can be costly).
The WAPOTEC solution:
Own research has shown that the chlorine substitution production content often exceeds the maximum value of 10mg/l. In order to minimize these substances, chloric gas from the WAPOTEC®Electrolysis systems can be used beside fresh water dilution (which can be costly).
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
During the water disinfection process, undesirable by-products can result such as chloramine or trihalomethanes.
So far, over 100 such substances have been isolated but many of them cannot be verified due to their complexity. The deciding factor here is to minimize the reaction’s starting substance (precursors) through processing steps in order to save unnecessary water consumption used during dilution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
So far, over 100 such substances have been isolated but many of them cannot be verified due to their complexity. The deciding factor here is to minimize the reaction’s starting substance (precursors) through processing steps in order to save unnecessary water consumption used during dilution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- multiSorp®Filter media
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Iron and manganese usually occur in thermal waters. They cause deposits on pool walls, appear as red residuals and can be removed oxidatively with HydroXan®.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Water turbidity often indicates bad flocculation impact but can also be caused by inadequate filter or filter material and channeling in filter material.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan® WapoFloc60
- multiSorp®Filter materials
- WAPOTEC®Filter
Free chlorine in water with normal pH consists of hypochloric acid and hypochlorite ions.
For sufficient disinfection (bacteria reduction, etc.), free chlorine (approved disinfectant) must not fall above or below the mandatory amount. Although it is possible to greatly reduce the microorganism content in a short amount of time through impulse chlorination or super chlorination, a high content of side reaction substances result simultaneously. (see also compound chlorine, disinfection by-products, THM)
The WAPOTEC solution:
For sufficient disinfection (bacteria reduction, etc.), free chlorine (approved disinfectant) must not fall above or below the mandatory amount. Although it is possible to greatly reduce the microorganism content in a short amount of time through impulse chlorination or super chlorination, a high content of side reaction substances result simultaneously. (see also compound chlorine, disinfection by-products, THM)
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
Bathers consider these substances unpleasant due to their odor and irritations.
Compound chlorine describes values calculated by differentiation in the DPD measurement that should determine the disinfection by-product concentration.
However, this often separates itself from monochloramine content, which is used for the toxicological evaluation of water (for example in DIN19643-1). It’s formation can be minimized through process optimization with HydroSan® and HydroXan®.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Compound chlorine describes values calculated by differentiation in the DPD measurement that should determine the disinfection by-product concentration.
However, this often separates itself from monochloramine content, which is used for the toxicological evaluation of water (for example in DIN19643-1). It’s formation can be minimized through process optimization with HydroSan® and HydroXan®.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WapoFloc60
- HydroSan®
- HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Alkalinity is decisive for the stability of pH values and the affectivity of flocculation.
An alkalinity value that is too low leads to bad floc formation and can also lead to aluminum penetration. By using silicon dioxide (HydroSan®), flocculation can be improved even at low alkalinity.
The WAPOTEC solution:
An alkalinity value that is too low leads to bad floc formation and can also lead to aluminum penetration. By using silicon dioxide (HydroSan®), flocculation can be improved even at low alkalinity.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- WAPOTEC® Neutralization plants
- HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
Corrosion especially leads back to chlorine substitution products (for example trihalogenmethanes) in the air and is a serious problem for swimming pools. Corrosion increases the risk of injury and leads to structural damage.
The collapse of swimming pool covers (stress corrosion cracking) is often partially attributed to this phenomenon. Corrosion leads to the shortening of the service life of equipment and installations. Therefore, preventative measures that can help to reduce these occurrences are decisive for the efficiency of the construction.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The collapse of swimming pool covers (stress corrosion cracking) is often partially attributed to this phenomenon. Corrosion leads to the shortening of the service life of equipment and installations. Therefore, preventative measures that can help to reduce these occurrences are decisive for the efficiency of the construction.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroXan®
- WAPOTEC®Filter WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
Nitrate content in water can be reduced by treatment with silicic acid aluminate.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- HydroHygen®
In Europe, the organic strain is determined through analysis of the KMn04 consumption and the capability of oxidation.
High organic strain leads to a high concentration of compound chlorine. Process optimization presents a simple and effective solution to this problem.
The WAPOTEC solution:
High organic strain leads to a high concentration of compound chlorine. Process optimization presents a simple and effective solution to this problem.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- multiSorp®Filter media
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Phosphates are added to drinking water for corrosion protection in ponds (from golf courses and other places with surface water). They present a challenge due to the fact that they simultaneously promote algae growth.
These values can be reduced through surface water treatment (spraying) or by dosing the intake with activated clay minerals. In the field of drinking water treatment, the values can be reduced and the waters rehabilitated through optimized flocculation.
The WAPOTEC solution:
These values can be reduced through surface water treatment (spraying) or by dosing the intake with activated clay minerals. In the field of drinking water treatment, the values can be reduced and the waters rehabilitated through optimized flocculation.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- HydroHygen®
With filter rinsing it is important to pay attention that sufficient rinse water is used and that the rinse speed is adapted to the filter material in order to ensure effective cleaning. Too frequent or intermittent back flushing and incorrect flushing can lead to insufficient cleansing or persistent filter contamination.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
- WAPOTEC®Filter
Sulfate leads to corrosion of concrete elements.
Sulphate is generally used in the form of sulphuric acid in order to correct pH with chlorine that has hypochlorite compounds or in hypochlorite electrolysis.
Alternative acids and chorine treatment can diminish these values. A shorter-term solution can be achieved with dilution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Sulphate is generally used in the form of sulphuric acid in order to correct pH with chlorine that has hypochlorite compounds or in hypochlorite electrolysis.
Alternative acids and chorine treatment can diminish these values. A shorter-term solution can be achieved with dilution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Tensides are cleansing components that diminish surface water tension. They negatively influence the effectiveness of flocculation and can contribute to the development chlorine side reaction products.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- multiSorp®Filter materials
Carbon containing impurities (measured in TOC Total Organic Carbon) react with free chlorine into trihalogen methane and countless other disinfection byproducts. Process optimization can help sustainably reduce carbon-containing impurities.
The WAPOTEC solution:
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- multiSorp®Filter media
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
Nitrogen containing impurities (measured in TON – Total Organic Nitrogen) react with free chlorine into chloramine and countless other disinfection byproducts.
Functioning water processing with the help of optimized flocculation filtration is the most effective precaution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Functioning water processing with the help of optimized flocculation filtration is the most effective precaution.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- multiSorp®Filter media
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- WAPOTEC®Consulting
The group of trihalogen methanes (chloroform and bromoform, among others) is suspected of being carcinogenic.
Due to this, disinfectant byproducts are regulated and must follow some standards (for example the DIN19643-1 with 0.02 mg/l). In order to protect consumers, numerous value limits were set in place for drinking water as well.
Impulse chlorination accelerates the development of THMs. Therefore; the goal must be to maintain a low and uniform chlorination level without endangering microbiological safety. The impurities can be removed through optimized flocculation or water adsorption.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Due to this, disinfectant byproducts are regulated and must follow some standards (for example the DIN19643-1 with 0.02 mg/l). In order to protect consumers, numerous value limits were set in place for drinking water as well.
Impulse chlorination accelerates the development of THMs. Therefore; the goal must be to maintain a low and uniform chlorination level without endangering microbiological safety. The impurities can be removed through optimized flocculation or water adsorption.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®Filter
- multiSorp®Filter materials
- HydroSan®
- WapoFloc60
- WAPOTEC®Electrolysis Systems
“Loss” of calcium carbonate can occur through the warming of water. The white deposits cause unsightly appearances that can also protect microorganisms and thereby impair hygiene.
The WAPOTEC solution:
HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
The WAPOTEC solution:
HydroQuant®Photometer and reagents
For economic reasons, as little fresh water as possible should be supplied.
Contaminated water can lead to increased compound chlorine. However, some ingredients’ values (for example cyanuric acid, nitrate, chlorate, bromate) can only be reduced through sufficient dilution – in order to avoid having to resort to costly treatment methods (for example membrane filtration).
In Europe, a fresh water supplement of at least 30 liters per bathing guest is stipulated. In other countries, five to ten percent of the basin water and regular basin water exchange is required. WAPOTEC can improve the treatment process and minimize the dilution rate with HydroXan® and HydroSan®.
The WAPOTEC solution:
Contaminated water can lead to increased compound chlorine. However, some ingredients’ values (for example cyanuric acid, nitrate, chlorate, bromate) can only be reduced through sufficient dilution – in order to avoid having to resort to costly treatment methods (for example membrane filtration).
In Europe, a fresh water supplement of at least 30 liters per bathing guest is stipulated. In other countries, five to ten percent of the basin water and regular basin water exchange is required. WAPOTEC can improve the treatment process and minimize the dilution rate with HydroXan® and HydroSan®.
The WAPOTEC solution:
- WAPOTEC®SYSTEM
- WAPOTEC®Consulting